Manufacturing Case Study Essay Example for Free

Assembling Case Study Essay Presentation Before an assembling procedure can be chosen to fabricate a segment numerous things should be thought of. The structure of the item, the usefulness, the administration conditions and the properties of the material all have a major influence while considering the assembling procedure. This examination sees Polypropylene Chairs utilized for the most part for training purposes. It gives data that clarifies the reason for a seat; the prerequisites of this specific item and the assembling procedure that delivers the last part. To comprehend why this sort of seat is produced using polypropylene the peruser first needs to comprehend the premise of any seat. A seat is a raised surface for a solitary individual to be situated. Most of seats are delivered with the standard four legs yet it’s the plan of the seat and its expected utilize that takes most thought. The utilization of the seat will decide the structure and the material utilized. For instance; is the seat to be utilized at a work area or for sitting at an eating table to eat? The users’ weight should be equitably disseminated over the seat to give comfort while situated. On the off chance that the seat is to be utilized for significant stretches of seating, at that point it is useful for the seat to be somewhat leaned back, which will bolster the people back more and expel the weight from different pieces of the body. In the event that a seat is excessively high, at that point shorter individuals will have their feet dangling, causing pressure on the knees; while lower seats cause inconvenience to the posterior. Segment One Taking a gander at the necessities of this kind of seat we can see it isn't the most agreeable seat available yet then these seats are not utilized for significant stretches of sitting. They are predominantly utilized inside flasks, clinics, libraries and schools for short sitting periods; implying that they are mass created. Because of the measure of seats that are fabricated there is a prerequisite to keep the creation cost low. They are intense seats that can arrive in an assortment of hues, can be utilized in or outside and have the upside of having the option to stack away; sparing space. The seat is required to hold an assortment of individuals with a scope of body weight and stature so they are required to be steady, solid strong and withstand development while being lightweight. This style of plastic seat is made of a thermoplastic polymer called Polypropylene (PP). It is a thermoplastic that has a two dimensional structure. The plastic can be mollified by heat and reused. The material is delivered by the polymerisation of polymer atoms into long chains. The material is a â€Å"semi-crystalline strong with great physical, mechanical and warm properties†. The properties of PP in its fluid state are characterized by the length and broadness of the polymer chains that structure during the procedure. When PP is in its strong express the properties depend on how much crystalline and indistinct district structures from those chains. [Karian, Ph.D., Harutun G, Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites, 1999, New York, NY, USA, Pg 15] FIG 1. Case of the chain of Isotactic polypropylene PP is semi-crystalline; implying that it contains little precious stones and material that is shapeless and Isotactic. The chains are firmly stuffed together and the measure of van der Walls holding is at a greatest, making the material solid as a strong article. The polymer chains decide the heaviness of the material and the precious stones inside the chains decide how thick the material can be and thus this will affect on how much warming is required to form the material. â€Å"The crystallisability of the chains is one factor that decides how thick the crystallites will be and the thickness of the crystallites decides how much warmth vitality is required to dissolve them†. [Karian, Ph.D., Harutun G, Handbook of Polypropylene and Polypropylene Composites, 1999, New York, NY, USA, Pg 17] PP is solid, with a low thickness. It has great protection from effect and exhaustion, astounding substance obstruction, a high warmth opposition and a brilliant dampness boundary. Having great basic trademark s makes PP a valuable material for unbending items. PP has a decent harmony between its physical and synthetic properties. Because of the high form shrinkage of PP it is hard to accomplish close resiliences but since the material is intense, flexible and has a high protection from stress breaking it diminishes the requirement for close resistances. Having an extremely low thickness of 0.90g/cm^3; a minimal effort for every volume; a wide adaptability with regards to structure and it likewise being recyclable makes PP an alluring development material. PP has the upside of having the option to frame high volume, complex shapes at a generally ease. When utilizing CES programming and looking at the cost against the break durability it furnishes the client with every known material. Utilizing the breaking point work and applying a Young’s modulus of 2GPa and a base rigidity of 40MPa Fig 2 Materials dependent on Price against Tensile Strength The seats are made of PP on the grounds that the material is economical, simple to perfect, lightweight and solid. The material can be extreme and adaptable with a high malleable and compressive quality. The principle reason that this material functions admirably when producing these seats is down to the exact control of the effect quality, they do respond when presented to warm implying that they hold their shape and give great properties inside the human condition, particularly when in an outside situation. Area 2 Polypropylene is most normally produced utilizing expulsion, or infusion forming. Expulsion permits incredibly enormous groups of uniform cross sectional shape things to be delivered. Hot expulsion is the point at which the polymer is warmed first to make it increasingly pliable, and afterward ‘pushed’ through a pass on. Pieces caused utilizing expulsion to have a very high caliber of surface get done with, which means they don't require completing after production. [pic] FIG 3. Expulsion Process Infusion shaping is accomplished by liquefying the polymer in a barrel, and afterward driving or infusing it into a form. Some infusion forming machines are screw taken care of. As the piece cools, it contracts marginally in the shape. This can cause item surrenders particularly if the form is ineffectively planned. It takes into consideration the creation of precisely molded pieces. At the point when the piece is expelled from the shape, it will have a form line called a ‘parting line’ where the shape closes on it, and regularly will be set apart by the ejector pin with a little circle. In the event that the producer doesn't need these imprints on their item, at that point it will require post-make completing, yet in any case the completion is of a moderately elevated expectation. FIG 4. Infusion Molding Process A few seats could be fabricated utilizing expulsion, on the off chance that they were a level ‘L’ shape for instance. Anyway most seats are molded for ergonomic and basic reasons, and would require an increasingly exact assembling process. This would be infusion forming, as thick swaggers can be remembered for the structure to help the quality of the seat, and an agreeable dunk can be molded into the rear of the seat to make it all the more speaking to the client. As seats of this nature are intended for an exceptionally wide scope of clients, and in view of toughness, the material is required to be genuinely thick to oblige this need. This would slow the assembling procedure with infusion shaping as it would take each piece longer to cool, and subsequently a more drawn out hold up is required before the piece can be expelled from the form. The thickness of the piece would have little impact on an expelled item, as the kick the bucket can be made whatever size is wanted. The heaviness of the seat would have small bearing on fabricate in both of these techniques, with the exception of the measure of material required. For a group of 1000, expulsion would be a great procedure, as enough material for the entire cluster can be softened and pushed through the bite the dust, and the pieces cut from the segment after expulsion. Enormous clusters can be delivered rapidly along these lines. Infusion trim would take longer, as each piece must be made independently, except if the shape is structured with a few seats in, each associated by a ‘strut’ of waste item. This expands the measure of waste material, and the underlying set up costs because of the shape plan, and a bigger machine being required. Area 3 There are numerous elements to consider while shaping a segment from composite. Inability to consider these elements can radically change the material properties and this thusly could prompt an unacceptable segment. A polymer lattice for the composite is a superb base; their material properties as of now give numerous good qualities, for example, high erosion opposition and low thickness. The presentation of an optional strengthening specialist will give a synergetic impact to the mechanical properties of the material permitting a superior part. One of the elements that are basically significant in the creation of a composite is the configuration of the auxiliary stage; it is a key factor to the materials properties of the segment. There are three for the most part utilized structures for the fortifying of auxiliary stages; these are long/short strands, or particles. Long filaments, otherwise called constant strands, are strands that are layered in strips or woven into an example along a hub. The filaments for the most part comprise of an a lot more grounded material than the polymer lattice; as such the strands take an a lot more prominent burden contrasted with the polymer grid. This takes into consideration a material with much better burden bearing properties. The expanded capacity to take load depends on the heading of the filaments. When bearing burden, the best mechanical properties are gotten toward the filaments. There are various directions utilized by filaments, arranging the strands a single explicit way is frequently utilized when the heading of the for

Future Tenses Essay Example

Future Tenses Essay Example Future Tenses Essay Future Tenses Essay Future tenses There are a few distinct courses in English that you can discuss what's to come. This page is a prologue to the most significant ones: Predictions/articulations of reality Intentions Arrangements Scheduled occasions Predictions/explanations of actuality The helper action word will is utilized in making expectations or basic proclamations of reality about what's to come. The sun will ascend at 6. 30 tomorrow. Mid-day break today will be 10 minutes longer than expected. In the year 2050 all understudies will have their own PCs in school. In the event that you help me, I will support you. Do you figure she will come soon? You wont breeze through your tests on the off chance that you dont begin working more earnestly. I realize my folks wont release me to the gathering. Will it snow for Christmas? I know shes debilitated, however will she be back in school tomorrow? Expectations The helper action word going to is utilized in discussing goals. (An expectation is an arrangement for the future that you have just idea about. ) Were going to purchase another vehicle one month from now. Im going to work in a bank when I leave school. In the new year Im going to quit eating so much Junk. Hes not going to go to the move. Hes got a lot of work. Im not going to stare at the TV until my science venture is done. : Is it true that you are going to play b-ball after school? What are you going to have for lunch today? Note: going to is frequently utilized in the past tense to discuss an unfulfilled expectation. Models: I was going to read for my sentence structure test, however I had no time. /He was going to call you, however he couldnt locate his cell phone. /My grandma was going to visit us, however she fell and broke her arm. Courses of action The present persistent tense is utilized in discussing game plans. (A game plan is an arrangement for the future that you have just idea about and given with another person. Im meeting my mom at the air terminal tomorrow. Our grandparents are visiting us this Christmas. Apologies, I cannot remain after school today; Im playing tennis with June-Ski. My sisters setting off to the dental specialist tomorrow. Im not getting back for these special seasons, so I can go to your gathering all things considered! Is it true that you are doing anything on Sunday m orning? Do you know whether he is setting off to the hit the dance floor with Maims one week from now? Booked occasions The current straightforward tense is normally used to allude to future occasions that are planned (and outside of our control). Hustle just a bit! The train leaves in a short time. I leave Frankfurt at 5 oclock toward the beginning of the day and show up in New York at 12 PM the She has a meeting with the director after school today. Theres no compelling reason to rush. The train doesnt leave for an additional 30 minutes. When does the gathering start? The following is a rundown of a portion of the less normal tenses, followed for each situation by models. Note that the ceaseless tenses pass on the possibility of an occasion or state continuing for a while: Present flawless nonstop I have been working in the nursery throughout the day, and now Im amazingly drained. She has been living in a one-room loft since she ventured out from home. To what extent have you been playing the piano? Hes been learning German for a long time, yet he despite everything cannot talk it well indeed. Weve been painting our home since last Friday, however were as yet far from wrapping up. We havent been living in Germany exceptionally long. For what reason would you say you are perspiring? Have you been running? Past flawless nonstop I had been working in the nursery throughout the day, and all I needed to do was rest. She had been living in a one-room condo for a year before getting hitched. To what extent had you been playing the piano before the mishap with your hand? Hed been procuring German for a long time, yet he halted when he came back to Japan. Marry been painting our home for about fourteen days, yet we were as yet far from wrapping up. Future persistent At this time one week from now I will be sitting in the plane while in transit to New York. Dont call me after 10 oclock. Sick be resting. On the off chance that you need to see IMHO tomorrow, you should go to the school. She will be stepping through an examination throughout the evening. I wont be chipping away at my vehicle this end of the week. My relative will be here. Future immaculate I trust my mom will have got done with preparing supper when I return home. You can come at 6 oclock. I will have gotten my work done by at that point. Theres no point calling her at home. She will have left for work as of now. On June 25 2020 they will have been hitched for a long time. Future ideal consistent By the time I resign I will have been working here for a long time! In the event that she contacts her 60th birthday celebration, she will have been smoking for 50 years! Future Tenses in English Exercise 1 Principia del predictable 1) The train leaves at 11:45. 2) We will eat at a pleasant café on Saturday. 3) It will snow in the mountains tomorrow night. On Sunday at 8 oclock I am meeting my companion. 5) They are traveling to London on Friday evening. 6) Wait! I will drive you to the station. 7) The English exercise begins at 8:45. 8) I am going to see my sister in April. At the entryway. I will open the entryway for you. Last del predictable Simple Present/Simple Future Present Continuous/Future Continuous Correct! Very much done. Your score is 6 9%. 1. At this moment, I am sitting in front of the TV. Tomorrow as of now, I (watch) will sit in front of the TV also. 2. Tomorrow after school, I (go) will go to the sea shore. 3. I am going on a fantasy get-away to Tahiti.

Journal of learning style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Diary of learning style - Essay Example I chose in the first place a short ‘Study Skills Assessment’ survey gave on-line by Columbia Basin University (Appendix 1), containing fifty-six inquiries; got criticism demonstrates that I could improve systems utilized for perusing just as for fixation and memory. Pondering this I reviewed an individual SWOT examination trying to discover additional proof of my qualities and shortcomings. I found a downloadable model from Bristol Business School, having a place with the University of Western England (Appendix 2), which helped me with the inquiries I should pose to myself. This activity demonstrated very tedious and required a lot of exertion on my part to truly consider and respond to each address as completely and as actually as could be expected under the circumstances; by and by I did drive forward and found out my qualities as a friendly, inventive and truly amiable at a social level. My shortcomings incorporate composition, particularly long assignments or reports †this Journal task isn't too troublesome in light of the fact that it is broken into sensible segments, oral introductions and deciding. The most helpful part of this errand was that it prompted me to truly consider my qualities and shortcomings, just as any considered dangers and how I planned to manage them. Next I finished a learning approaches poll (in view of Approaches to Study Inventory (Tait and Entwistle 1996) and gave on-line by Bournemouth University (Appendix 3). Results show that I have a surface/detached way to deal with learning and that I will in general recreate data and attempt to retain topic instead of diving further or looking to broaden that data, that I keep near the schedule gave by the teachers and don't catch up enthusiasm of my own. Now I needed to know more, so in light of the fact that a conversation on learning styles is a segment of this Learning Journal, I chose to invest energy looking into learning styles and

Analytical Essay on To Kill a Mockingbird

Diagnostic Essay on To Kill a Mockingbird Diagnostic Essay on To Kill a Mockingbird The story To Kill a Mockingbird composed by Harper Lee won the Pulitzer Prize, and in a brief timeframe has gotten a work of art and is utilized in schools in the USA. The plot and motivation of the characters are drawn from her family, neighbors and an occasion that occurred in Alabama in 1936. The tale handles the issues or assault and bigotry, however she filled it with warmth and cleverness too. The plot includes Tom who is blamed for assaulting a white young lady. The people group is destroyed and Atticus chooses to protect him. Notwithstanding the proof that clears him, Tom is seen as blameworthy. The essential topic is that of racial foul play and the loss of blamelessness, with the lesser subjects of class mental fortitude sympathy and sexual orientation in the American profound south. Specifically, there are three subjects: Blamelessness and Experience There are three principle youngsters in the story who respond to the unforgiving truth of the preliminary. All lose their blamelessness. Dill freezes and is loaded up with dread, Jem becomes negative and frustrated with the alleged Justice framework. Scout responds all the more emphatically, seeking after social change. The principle exercise the kids learn is that in unassuming communities individuals who don't accommodate become underestimated. They likewise observe what grown-ups don't about the forlornness and dismissal individuals like Boo, Dolpus and Tom experience. Scout discovers that kids are now observed as satisfactory or not founded on conditions they can't control from Aunt Alexandra judgments and decisions about the Radleys, Cunninghams and others. Youngsters assume a primary job in Harper Lees tale and her feelings are with lie with theâ good-natured ones. We find out about â€Å"dignity amidst squalor† The Enmity and Tension The town is fuming with question, pardon and loathe. Preference further partitions the town by race and class and a cost is paid. Racial bias is the principle concentrate however class contrasts and heredity and acquired societal position unreasonably directs how individuals are dealt with. In this network, financial hardship has an incredible influence. It is in the incomparable Depression and in outrageous conditions Harper shows that individuals respond in an unexpected way, some are liberal and reasonable, while others are mean and dreadful. In this town the poor white ranchers have been â€Å"hit the hardest, while representatives are battling against chapter 11. In, everything are blameless people like Tom and Boo. Disparity Harper Lee puts forth her defense for social equity to be rehearsed as the law gives, and that equivalent right ought to be stretched out to all. She uncovered the self importance and partiality that defaces networks all over. She goes far to show the rationale behind how things are, and uncovered how they should be. Instruction is an unmistakable course to balance in Lees world. It will ensure uniformity. Every one of her characters who are instructed are likewise respectable and treat others well, for example, Scout, Atticus and Miss Maudie. Weave, Mayella and Aunt Alexandra are uneducated, skeptical and dubious. It is a lamentable circumstance, moved and controlled by profound preferences, profound established doubt and question, generational class customs and frightful men. A guiltless man is censured not due to what he did, but since of the amazing powers of prejudice and imbalance. An amazing and compelling book. Tips on composing a decent scientific paper on this theme: A logical article for the most part investigates another bit of composing, for example, a book. On the off chance that you are expounding on a work of fiction, your center can be one the characters, or a sentence that is fundamental to the work. Compose a proposal proclamation in a sentence or two. You may include foundation of your theme too in presentation. Make a blueprint with presentation, in any event three body passages, and an end. Your sections need a subject sentence, and something from the book content. Your own responses can be noted. Your decision ought to bring your postulation and sections together. Our custom article composing administration is intended to assist understudies with composing investigative papers on any subjects. Simply request a custom paper at our site on the web.

Use Of Technology In Task-Based Language Learning

Utilization Of Technology In Task-Based Language Learning A RESEARCH PAPER ON RESEARCH ON THE USE OF TECHNOLOGY IN TASK-BASED LANGUAGE LEARNING 1. Presentation It is notable that our life is very influenced by innovation, and innovation assumes a significant job in language learning. With the spread and improvement of English around the globe, English is utilized as a subsequent language. This paper concentrates on the utilization of innovation in task-based for learning English as an unknown dialect (EFL). An errand is characterized by Jane Willis (1996) an action where the objective language is utilized by the student for an open objective in order to succeed an outcome. The students start with the undertaking. Undertaking is utilized as an image for various exercises including language works out, practice exercises and pretends. Errands may include tackling a word issue, making a crossword puzzle, making a video, setting up an introduction or drawing an arrangement. As indicated by Rod Ellis (2007), ‘Task’ which has four principle attributes: à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã¢ ¢ Task includes an essential spotlight on (down to business) meaning.㠯‚â ¢ Task has a ‘gap’.㠯‚â ¢ The members pick the semantic assets expected to finish the task.㠯‚â ¢ Task has an unmistakably characterized result. Assignment based learning is an alternate strategy to learn dialects. Undertaking based learning stresses the principle job of significance in language use. Skehan (1998) infers that importance is essential in task-based learning †¦the appraisal of the undertaking is regarding result and that TBL isn't ‘concerned with language display’ (98). In the errand based learning, the assignments show essential the learning movement. As refered to by Prabhu (1987), understudies can learn all the more productively when their brains are going towards on the errand, sooner than on the language they are utilizing. Doughty, Long (2003) and Willis (1996) state that Task-based language learning (TBLL) strategy underpins conversation of importance utilizing ‘meaning-focused’ and ‘communicative’ task finished exercises and allows understudies to rehearse language broadly inside a significant setting, alluring understudies in the ‘authentic,’ â₠¬Ëœpragmatic, and logical creation of language’, where language creation isn't the point however ‘the vehicle for going to task goals’ (p.25). As it were, TBL has the benefit of getting understudy to utilize his/her abilities and can enable the understudies to learn language effectively and viably. Willis (1996) clarifies that the headliners of the three stages in task-based learning: Pre-errand can incorporate conceptualizing; ‘Introduction to subject and task:Teacher investigates the theme with the class, features valuable words and expressions, assists understudies with understanding assignment guidelines and prepare.’ Errand cycle shows us; ‘Task: Students carry out the responsibility, two by two or little gatherings. Instructor screens from a separation. Arranging: Students get ready to answer to the entire class (orally or recorded as a hard copy) how they carried out the responsibility, what they chose or found. Report: Some gatherings present their reports to the class, or trade composed reports and thinks about results.’ Language center shows shape and pose inquiries about language highlights; ‘Analysis: Students look at and talk about explicit highlights of the content or transcript of the chronicle. Practice: Teacher conducts practice or new words, expressions and examples happening in the information, either during or after the investigation (p.38).’ TBLL gives some significant advantages. Undertaking based language learning (TBLL) has the advantage of getting the understudy to utilize her/his aptitudes at her present level. Krahne (1987) said that ‘During the assignment the students are permitted to utilize whatever language they need, center altogether around the importance of their message. This makes it closer to genuine informative circumstance, which is a method of bringing this present reality into study hall TBL that includes genuine correspondence is fundamental for language learning.’ Moreover, task-based language realizing which assists with understanding the language in setting and to utilize it in condition, in actuality. Willis (1996) has additionally stressed the significance of a genuine world for undertakings. The point of the undertaking is to make a genuine objective for language utilize and give a characteristic setting to language study. It furnishes the language student with a functioning job in taking an interest and making the occasions. TBLL offers more possibilities for the understudies to show their thoroughly considering their developments so it adds to advance by urging understudies to exercise. Besides, understudies are more achievement in the language they use. It presents helpful help. Understudies can cooperate, so task-based increments students’ inspiration for learning. Assignment based learning can be exceptionally effective at middle levels. It is hard to essential levels understudies. Regardless of advantages of undertaking based learning, there are numerous inconveniences of assignment based learning, for example, As indicated by Skehan (1996), task-based learning appreciates a few dangers whenever satisfied recklessly. Assignment based learning requires an elevated level of imagination with respect to the instructor. For example, If the educators are constrained to increasingly customary jobs or don't have time and assets to gadget task-based learning this kind of instructing perhaps troublesome. Assessment of errand based learning can be troublesome. ‘The nature of undertaking based taking in keeps it from being quantifiable by a portion of the more confined and conventional tests (Krahne 1987).’ The utilization of innovation recommendations significant focal points for task-based language learning and it assumes a positive job in TBLL. Chapelle (2001), Gonzolez-Lloret (2003) said that ‘The appearance of data innovation has improved the nature of numerous logical orders, including some language instruction and learning through innovation has become a genuine life’ (p.84). Innovation has gigantic impact in task-based language learning, as an asset for EFL and as a methods for correspondence between the EFL understudies. Also, TBLL gives the fundamental innovation to supporting students to acquire significant relational abilities in the English language. Each innovative instrument has its particular advantages and application with significant of four language parts. These are talking, tuning in, perusing and composing. In other words, Ybarra and Green (2003) demonstrate that understudies attempting to learn English as a subsequent language need extra language suppo rt. They have to rehearse in hearing language, understanding language, communicating in language, and composing language in order to build up their experience and aptitudes. I accept that understudies can adapt effectively and viably with utilization of innovation in task-based language learning. Innovative devices which can be exploited the undertaking based language learning. Assignment based learning is helpful for moving the inspiration of the taking in process from the teachâ ­er to the understudy. It gives an alternate method of understanding language for the understudies. Along these lines, the understudies can be a superior student. At the point when the understudies are a superior student, they can persuade themselves and take care of their issues. Along these lines, persuasive factor is noteworthy in one’s accomplishment. RESEARCH QUESTION 1-How would we be able to investigate the advantages of undertaking based language learning in EFL understudies?

How Noise Pollution Might Be Stressing You Out

How Noise Pollution Might Be Stressing You Out Stress Management Situational Stress Print How Noise Pollution Might Cause Increased Stress Levels By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Updated on February 13, 2020 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living Nycretoucher / Getty Images Noise pollution is any intrusive noise that disrupts, distracts, or detracts from regular functioning. While we often think of noise pollution as a problem of big cities, with the competing sounds of more people in a smaller space, noise pollution can also be found in suburban neighborhoods (in the form of leaf blowers, lawnmowers, and home construction) and even individual homes and workplaces. And there is a great deal of scientific research to show that noise causes stress and can have a negative impact on your health and productivity. Causes of Noise Pollution While there are many different sources of noise pollution, these, in particular, have been found to have a negative impact on health. Airplanes Noise pollution from airplanes has a significant negative impact on the health and well-being of those who live close to airports. This can include heart disease, high blood pressure, and elevated stress hormones, as well as sleep disruption.   Traffic One of the complaints of those who live in big cities or on busy streets is the disruption from the sounds of traffic. Interestingly, though, even low levels of traffic noise can be damaging. Traffic noise is one of the most commonly experienced sources of noise pollution, and research has tied it to depressive symptoms along with cardiovascular and respiratory-related deaths. Workplace Noise Most of us may think of loud assembly lines or construction sites when we think of noise pollution in the workplace, and while these examples definitely apply, regular offices are not immune. With more people packed into busy office spaces, office noise is a common complaint. Co-workers who talk, drum their fingers on the desk,  or offer other distracting noises can decrease the productivity of those around them without realizing it. Home Sounds Many people don’t think of their homes as noisy, but if there’s a lot of activity in the home, including a constantly running TV, this overall noise level can actually be a threat to concentration and a cause of stress. In fact, children from more noisy homes do suffer ill effects that include less cognitive growth, delayed language skills, increased anxiety, and impaired resilience. Negative Effects of Noise Perhaps the most serious problem created by sound pollution is the impact it has on health. Because sound pollution can trigger the body’s stress response, one of its major health effects is chronic stress and the high levels of stress hormones that go with it. That explains why noise pollution has been linked with heart disease, high blood pressure, and stroke. Noise pollution can also impact sleep quality by preventing sleep and disrupting sleep cycles. And, perhaps most significantly, because chronic stress can lower your immunity to all disease, noise pollution is a general threat to health and wellness. What to Do About Noise Pollution

Veling Super Mall - Free Essay Example

1.1. Executive Summary Veling Institute of Management London is a reputed and popular management institute, which offers courses in retailing management. The school also owns retail outlets that give the students hands on experience to the students. Having seen the acceptance, it decided to open retail malls in Senegal which is basically a third world country. It is its second venture. The first has been in India. Having group of highly qualified professionals in retailing, it will be easier of us to venture into real retail business in Senegal and slowly in the African region. Motivated by increased industrial growth, high preference for touch and feel shopping experience, existence of consumer pull market and growth of middle and high income group households, our institution is decided to implement this proposal by being active participator in retail business. The second objective was to promote the employment generation in the area by training the local candidates who are eligible to enroll into the course. Key to success of our institution are : we have 20 years recorded, academic experience in retail area, so we can easily implement practically such knowledge. Our old students are big players in retail market, so we can associate them to our visualized business plan in actual practice. We maintained industry institution interaction since inception, so we have actual idea of what is going on in this sector. 1.2. Ownership pattern and owners profile Veling is privately owned education institution, jointly owned by Sri Thomas Sri Alies Cherian which offers Diploma Post Graduate, Diploma and Master Degree in Business management. We decided to diversify not just into geographies but also into unrelated area, that is having mall in at least 10 important cities in India initially. 1.3. Product Description We offer ideal shopping experience with an amalgamation of product, service and entertainment all under common roof. We have : Home appliance Fresh Groceries Apparels Cosmetics Music chain Books Electronic Devices Fast food outlet Juice Centre Special Nutritious centre Health care products Baby care products We have multi brand products of above categories. We provide an opportunity to choose from medium to high priced Worth for quality items 1.4. Competitive Comparison We have many competitors, of which significant are, Hypercity, prime mall and inorbit. Hypercity is a hyper market even though it offers wide variety products. Customers are feeling so restricted because of its narrowed interior structure. Inorbit is a big mall which has already established good image but as for as its source of supply it is facing some problems. Prime mall is currently meeting the needs of upper class market. So we decided to fill the gap by having good economic source of supply, offering medium to high priced multi brands under same product line category and by making customer to feel that they are in such place which definitely provide lot of space to invest their hard earned money economically and productivity. 1.5. Technology We decided to emphasize on automating the process, using bar codes to identify the product, scanners, and computerized billing. This will speed up the billing process, reduce the human intervention and errors, the retail shop people can focus on customers for personal attention etc. This will help to differentiate ourselves from not successful retailer and even to get cost advantage. 1.6. Market Analysis By being aware of the fact that retailing is the largest private sector industry in the world economy with global industry size exceeding $6.6 trillion, we explored the potential for starting mall in Senegal and other parts of African region. The market research indicates that there will be investment for Hypercity Retail by K. Raheja Group to establish SS Super market by 2015. Reliance of India is another giant which is Indias largest contemporary retailer and the size of organized retailing its expected to touch $30 billion by 2010 which is also planning to take initiatives. We expect growth of 22% per annum initially, which definitely rise in the years to come. We decided to utilize growth in the consumer preference for shopping in congenial Environs. 1.7. Financial Plan We need $ 500,000,000 initially to start 10 malls in 10 important locations of Ghana and other places. 1.7.1 Sources of requirements will be: Owners fund - 70% Borrowed Fund - 30% (Secured Bank loan @15%) 1.7.2 Application of Fund will be : Fixed assets 30% Initial investment to get Building on lease basis 30% Working capital requirement 40% 1.7.3 We need minimum 50,000, maximum 1,00,000 square feet area building having 4 floors. The plan for utilization of building will be; Ground Floor Parking and Store First Floor Grocery, home appliances Electronic items, Fast food outlet Second Floor Apparel Third Floor Cosmetic, music chain and book Store and office maintenance Instead of having building of our own, we decided to get it on lease basis as it is cost effective way of financing our fixed asset requirement. We have already booked building under construction from building developers. 1.7.4 First years expected cash inflow will be; Sales $400,000,000 (-) cost of goods sold $120,000,000 Gross profit $280,000,000 (-) operating expenses $110,000,000 (-) depreciation on fixed Asset @ 10% $ 15,000,000 Operating profit $165,000,000 (-) Financial charge $ 22,500,000 $ 147,500,000 (-) Tax 40% $ 59,000,000 Earning after tax $ 88,500,000 (+) Depreciation $ 15,000,000 $103,500,000 Cash inflow $ 24,500,000 Operating expenses would include salary, maintenance cost, electricity, water, logistics, uniform, incentives etc Computers and other IT tools are considered for depreciation. 1.8. Summary The cash flow statement indicates that the plan is viable and is a profit making business. This will certainly change the customer behavior in terms of purchasing process, acceptance of branded products etc. The mall will might initially encourage window shopping and later attract more customers.

Definition and Examples of the Late Closure Strategy

The Many Benefits of Hunting Essay - 2174 Words

When a Minnesota dentist killed a prized African lion named Cecil he received an onslaught of criticism and reignited the debate concerning hunting. To many people, hunting is a cruel and inhuman act. For others, hunting is a sport and a way of life. Is hunting ethical? Should hunting be allowed to continue? First off, what is hunting? According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, hunting is a â€Å"sport that involves the seeking, pursuing, and killing of wild animals and birds, called game and game birds, primarily in modern times with firearms but also with bow and arrow† (â€Å"hunting†). It is my firm belief that most hunting should most definitely be allowed to continue and they should also be supported. My first reason for being†¦show more content†¦Today, everything is manufactured, processed, and shipped out to be bought by the consumer. Part of this lifestyle is the grocery store. The groceries that can be purchased include a wide variety of products ranging from apples to zucchini. In every grocery store there is a frozen section, and part of that section is meat. The life of this meat includes being subjugated to a variety of hormones and chemicals meant to enhance the size and productivity of the animals bred for slaughter. According to Michael Pollan of the New York Times Magazine, â€Å"one of the real problems is that the animals have spent their [lives] lying in their manure, are smeared and caked with the stuff, and theyre entering the food plant so many steps are taken to make sure that the manure doesnt infect the meat, which can happen very easily† (Pollan). Another problem with store-bought meat is the fact that supplemented with a byproduct comm only known as pink slime. So what is pink slime? According to CBS news, â€Å"Its actually lean finely textured beef, a low-cost ingredient in ground beef made from fatty left-over meat trimmings from other cuts. The bits are heated to about 100 F and spun to remove most of the fat, then compressed into blocks for use in ground meat. The product, made by SouthShow MoreRelatedThe Many Benefits of Hunting Essay975 Words   |  4 Pageslion named Cecil he received an onslaught of criticism and reignited the debate concerning hunting. I hunt. I have hunted for years and I dont see anything wrong with it.   The reasons I hunt are for the meat, I think it tastes better than store-bought meat and it doesnt have any additives in it, and for the time I get to spend out in the mountains. However, there are some people who are against hunting. The deer and elk population is growing at an alarming rate. According to Outdoor Life, theRead MoreHunting Should Be Allowed1412 Words   |  6 PagesShelby Morgan Professor Colon ENC 1102 July 17, 2009 Hunting Should Be Allowed Hunting is beneficial to our society and therefore should be allowed. Historically human beings have been pursuing wild animals to provide their families with food, clothing, and shelter. In modern times the need for hunting for survival has lessened because of the development of animal husbandry and agriculture. There were times in history worldwide when hunting became profitable and hunters began killing animalsRead MoreHunting : The Benefits Of Wildlife Conservation1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe Benefits of Hunting Conservation is the protection and preservation of nature (Peterson 53). Hunting is an important part of the conservation of wildlife. Hunting is widely considered a crucial part of wildlife conservation. Hunting benefits wildlife by controlling the population, raising funds for wildlife conservation, and protect wildlife. In America, there are 15 million hunters annually (â€Å"Hunting conservation†1). Hunting is a common activity around the world. Hunting is performed for severalRead MoreBenefits And Benefits Of Hunting1747 Words   |  7 PagesBenefits of Hunting One of the most controversial topics in the past and even more so today is hunting. Hunting has been around as long as we know it. Ancient civilizations hunted as a source of food, tools, and clothes. Hunting is the act of one animal pursuing another wild animal and killing it. Humans much like other animals hunt mainly for a source of food, although; humans also hunt as a way of protecting their selves, to remove unwanted animals, and to eliminate predators. Hunting for manyRead MoreHunting Is Not A Fair Thing1672 Words   |  7 Pages Hunting, meaning tracking or trapping of wild animals is one of the oldest activities known to mankind. Back in the days, hunting was a necessity of life for our ancestors to be able to obtain food for nourishment. People still hunt animals for food, but it’s more of a recreational activity now and laws govern which specific animals can be hunted. People who disagree about hunting say that it is detrimental to the beautiful nature, which results in numerous accidents every year and isRead MorePersuasive Essay On Hunting1573 Words   |  7 Pagesmay say hunting is cruel and barbaric, have they ever thought about the upsides to be gained from hunting? While this is a topic that can be argued viciously back and forth, I believe hunters win the argument. Deer hunting keeps the population down, protects farmers’ crops, boosts economic sales, betters a person’s mental health, and teaches lifelong lessons on respect. These are just a few of the amazing benefits that can be gained from hunting. To further my knowledge on deer hunting and its usesRead MoreHunting Research Paper1051 Words   |  5 PagesHonors Mrs. Ledy 11/27/11 Hunting Hunting is a common activity all around the world, and if performed properly, can have many benefits to us and the rest of the planet. The art of hunting has been around since the beginning of time. Living off of the land used to be a necessity across the world, until the mass production of food came along. In America, people do not usually need to hunt to survive. However, the population of animal species needs to be controlled. Too many of one type of animal canRead MoreWildlife Management: Why People Hunt? Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesHumans have been hunting on this planet for over two million years. Our ancestors used complex hunting techniques to ambush and kill antelopes, gazelles, and other large animals dated back to times before Christ. People all around the world still carry on the tradition, but the view on hunting is not the same as it was back then. The world is so industrialized, and people think hunting is cruel and useless because you can buy meat at grocery stor es. But in reality, it is the reason the wildlife theyRead MoreHunting : An Effective Tool For Wildlife Management And Preservation Of Wildlife1577 Words   |  7 Pages Hunting not only provides people with healthy organic meat, it is also instrumental in the management and preservation of wildlife not only through the hunting itself, but also by the money generated by hunters that is used for this purpose. Hunting has existed since the dawn of time and continues to play a key role in providing people with the food they need to survive. Hunting plays many important roles in our world and has been a very effective tool for wildlife management and hopefullyRead MoreHunting Is No Longer Necessary For Survival1703 Words   |  7 Pagesfor me.† Hunting started millions of years ago for the intentions of food, clothing, and shelter supplies. Back in the Stone Age, hunting was essential for surviving in those critical situations that derived from everyday living. Recently hun ting has become more a recreational sport and less of a necessity for survival, it is true that most hunters now days still eat the meat from the animals that they kill for sport and pleasure. However, hunting is no longer necessary for survival. Many people of

Classification of Barbeque Styles - 1618 Words

Abstract This paper discusses five styles of barbecue. The categories are North Carolina style, Kansas City style, Memphis style, Texas style, and St. Louis style. Each style is defined by the type of meat, the method of cooking, and the seasonings applied to the meat. Each style has a unique flavor which is determined by the factors mentioned above. Classification of Barbecue Styles North Carolina Style Objective Characteristics Whole hog (pork) Cooked over open fire Sauce vinegar red pepper black pepper sugar hot pepper Subjective Characteristics Tangy Juicy Kansas City Style A. Objective Characteristics All meats including fish and turkey Sauce Tomato Molasses Smoked slowly over hickory Subjective Characteristics Best portions are burnt ends Best sauce Sweet Spicy Memphis style A. Objective Characteristics Any meat No sauce (dry rub) Slow smoked Subjective Characteristics Moist and delicious Smoky flavor enhanced by dry rub Texas Style A. Objective Characteristics Many meats but mainly beef brisket Dry rub (no sauce) Very slow smoked over pecan or mesquite Pecan wood Mesquite wood Subjective Characteristics Nothing better than barbecued beef brisket Meat melts in the mouth St. Louis Style A. Objective Characteristics Mainly pork Cooked directly over open flame Sauce Tangy Sweet Subjective Characteristics Pork steak not right for barbecue Not as flavorful Classification and Analysis In America, thereShow MoreRelatedThe Major Styles of Barbeque in the USA1144 Words   |  5 Pagesare five major styles of barbecue in the U.S.A. which are defined by method of cooking, seasonings, and types of meat used in the cooking process. These styles are North Carolina, Kansas City, Memphis, Texas, and St. Louis. North Carolina Style Whole hog (pork) Cooked over open fire Sauce has vinegar, red pepper, black pepper, sugar, and hot pepper sauce. Kansas City Style All meats including fish and turkey Sauce is tomato and molasses Smoked slowly over hickory Memphis style Any meat NoRead MoreEssay on Portraying the New Negro in Art1388 Words   |  6 Pagesartist created portraits with themes depicting the New Negro’s in there American community. During the 1930s Paris is where Archibald Motley drew a lot of his art work from the devastations and triumphs in the black community. As seen in the 1930s Barbeque portrait Blacks are more sophisticated and refine looking, the 1930s was a more gentile times. But in his painting called the picnic in 1929 a highly controversial portrait, because of it expressing a cinema theme with cropped close ups, panoramicRead MoreMkc1 Study Guid3211 Words   |  13 Pagesproducts by using the product classification system. This will allow them to see exactly where their product is at regarding the competition and from there are able to work our any issues or make changes to enhance their products and surpass the competition. 4. What is product cannibalization? Product cannibalization is when a new product takes sales away from the same company’s existing product. 5. Name and explain four categories in the consumer product classification system? Convenience Offerings-lowRead MoreMarketing Management7427 Words   |  30 PagesHospital, WA Brewers Association, Fremantle Arts Festival and Fremantle Environmental Research Centre (Little Creatures 2011). There restaurant-brewery is a crucial part of the Little Creatures identity and positioning with its communal great hall style dining, open brewery, fresh food and personable staff it further promotes little creatures as a quality local community establishment (Your Restaurants 2011). Through Little Creatures association with RSPCA they have furthered gained goodwill throughRead MoreChevalier: Food and Restaurant13293 Words   |  54 Pagesb, accounting and maintenance etc. Lo1 understand the operational and economic characteristics of hospitality operations. Nature of the product and services areas Buffet service A Buffet Service is a self-service serving style where the guests serve themselves. This style is a great method for feeding large numbers of people with minimal help. The dinner buffet is the most practical and congenial way in which to care for your guests. There can be many variations of the Buffet Service. It can beRead MoreChapter 6 – Analyzing Business Markets23838 Words   |  96 Pages geoclustering (moderate) p. 120 c. demographic segmentation d. behavioral segmentation e. psychographic segmentation 34. When the parent company introduced Southern Belles magazine, it was described as â€Å"a new publication that covers female style and southern life.† From this statement, you should be able to describe the segmentation strategy used for the magazines as __________. a. benefits segmentation b. geoclustering (moderate) p. 120 c. demographic segmentation d. behavioral segmentation Read MoreKfc Marketing Strategies20155 Words   |  81 Pageswill be released in coming months. Franchise laws in IndiaBased in Louisville, KY, KFC Corporation is the world’s most popular chicken franchise specializing in Original Recipe ®, Kentucky Grilled Chickenâ„ ¢ and The Colonel’s Crispy Strips with home-style sides, Honey BBQ Wings and freshly made chicken sandwiches. KFC has been serving customers complete, freshly prepared, family meals since Colonel Harland Sanders founded the concept in 1952.   Famous for its Original Recipe ® fried chicken, whichRead Moremkt311 tb chap922235 Words   |  89 Pagesdata. B.   internal secondary data. C.   data mining. D.   syndicated data. E.   all of these.    50. Jalel is marketing manager for moderately well-known rock band. He wants to know more about industry trends including sales by different musical styles, online downloads, and concert attendance. Jalel will most likely use __________ to gather this type of data.      A.   focus groups B.   observation C.   syndicated data D.   sales invoices E.   census data    51. Once a marketing researcher is readyRead MoreOrganisational Behavioure23151 Words   |  93 Pagesof personal and work i need to get done are getting to me.† Although sometimes we thrive on stress, for most of us, like this blogger, stress begins to take its toll on our mood.45 Social Activities Do you tend to be happiest when you are at a barbeque with friends or out to dinner to celebrate a family member’s birthday? For most people, social activities increase positive mood and have little effect on negative mood. But do people in positive moods seek out social interactions, or do social Read MoreAccounting Information System Chapter 1137115 Words   |  549 Pagesequity or summary drawing accounts. Instead, have a fund balances section for each type of fund. Student loans are an asset; student deposits are a liability. Bank  ·  · No inventory  · Customer accounts would be liabilities.  · Classification of revenue would be among loans, investments, service charges, etc.  · c. Loans to customers would be an asset, some current others noncurrent, depending upon the length of the loan. No cost of goods sold. Government Unit  · No

Globalization Causes Poverty Essay - 792 Words

According to J.H. Mittelman, globalization is a historical transformation in economy and cultural diversity. Globalization is the idea of making the world act like one huge country. Globalization affects this world and the people in this world in many ways. Globalization affects the economic status of a country. It has indeed weakened the position of poor countries and exposed poor people to harmful competition. Globalization is the strategy of liberation that becomes an economic nightmare for the poor. The poor countries disintegrate and worsen via trade and investments. Even if the world co-operates and acts as one country, the richer always gets to say what happens. For example, United States is a country that is one of the†¦show more content†¦They should be allowed to be a big part of this world too. The next problem that globalization possess is about women’s rights. Many women are being neglected throughout the world today. Globalization affects different groups of women in different ways. Globalization might worsen gender inequalities. I may even harm women in several ways. Politically, through prohibiting them from the domestic political process; and culturally, through the loss of identity and self-sufficiency in global culture. Gender inequality influences both the causes and consequences of poverty. Globalization plays an important role in diminishing cultural diversity. Since all the people in the world have to act as whole country working together, there will surely be cultural mixtures. Cultural flows occur differently in different spheres and may originate in many places. A person does not want his culture to be a part of another culture. He wants his culture to be unique in a way. Therefore, a person should agree in the fact that globalization will do harm to their cultures. Cultural mixtures also destroy other cultures in the way of changing lifestyles. Western ideals are falsely established as the â€Å"universal† culture. We do not want this to happen, do we? No. We want to keep our local cultures alive as well. Under globalization, people tend to be more monoculture than to be multicultural. Therefore, we must work together and try not toShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Globalization On Development And Globalization Essay1229 Words   |  5 PagesEffects of Globalizat ion on Development Globalization is a term that is used everyday to explain the expansion of product and cultures all around the world. Globalization can be argued that it either helps or hinders development. Globalization can be looked at on many dimensions. Ecological globalization is one point of view. This can be described as the influences on the environment.   The environment has always been a global issue, but it is not necessarily a part of globality (Steger, 87). AnotherRead MoreGlobal Inequality And Its Impact On The World s Population1429 Words   |  6 Pagesthe radically uneven distribution of income. When this problem extends to globalization, it is heavily ambiguous in terms of its long-term implications, socially and politically as well. When one explores the fascinating limits of globalization, it is possible to consider why many in the world’s population have various reservations about its real outreach on a worldwide scale. When considering the reach of globalization and its increasingly apparent correlation with income inequality at–large,Read MoreHow Globalisation has affected developing countries in the Asia - pacific region1609 Words   |  7 PagesAn important trend occurring in the world economy is the process of globalization. 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This includes its effects on the environment, culture, politicalRead MoreEssay on The Benefits and Drawbacks of Globalization1396 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization can be defined as the ability to produce and good or service anywhere in the world using capital, technology and components from anywhere and to sell the output anywhere and place the profits anywhere - - Peter Jay, BBC Economics Corrospondent, 1996 Rather than lead to economic benefits for all people, economic globalization has brought the planet to the brink of environmental catastrophe, social unrest that is unprecedented, economies of most countries in shambles, an increaseRead MoreThe Globalization Of Poverty And The New World Order Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesName of Book: The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order Name of Author: Michel Chossudovsky Rating: 2.5/5 Summary: The Globalization of Poverty and the New World Order is written by Michel Chossudovsky. This book is his second new edition where the author focus on a New World Order which grow human poverty and the destruction of theRead MoreGlobalization and Poverty1498 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization and Poverty Introduction In this essay, I am going to investigate the globalization and poverty in the world. Meanwhile, its impact on global marketing activities will also be addressed. It is an interesting topic to study, as you will know the reason behind by the following quotes: ‘Over the past 20 years, the number of people living on less than $1 a day has fallen by 200 million, after rising steadily for 200 years’ (James Wolfenson, president of World BankRead MoreThe Causes Of Poverty With Special Focus On India1242 Words   |  5 PagesRecently, a girl living in the Himalayas ended her life due to severe poverty. Poverty is one of the leading causes of death among people in developing countries. 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Succubus on Top CHAPTER 15 Free Essays

string(28) " go back to being ordinary\." A dozen snappy comebacks rose to my lips, but the intense looks on both their faces made me think better of it. Instead, I opted for the obvious next question. â€Å"What do you mean?† The edge of Carter’s lips turned into a half-grin. We will write a custom essay sample on Succubus on Top CHAPTER 15 or any similar topic only for you Order Now â€Å"My goodness. I thought you’d be up on your lore. Greek mythology especially.† â€Å"Well, ambrosia†¦is called the Food of the Gods,† I offered slowly. I had grown up in a Greco-Roman society, but that didn’t mean I was an expert on all the stories. I’d only been exposed to some in my youth. It wasn’t until later scholars started compiling tales from all over the Greek world that I learned just how vast the mythology was. â€Å"Yes,† said Carter, nodding at me as one would a child reciting a lesson. Jerome remained tight-lipped, a stormy expression on his face. â€Å"What else do you know?† â€Å"Ambrosia was what gave the gods their immortality,† I continued. â€Å"Although I always thought it was some kind of drink†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I stopped myself. The crystals weren’t liquid at the moment, but they were meant to be consumed that way. A further alarming thought hit me. â€Å"Are you saying this Greek stuff will make Doug and the others immortal?† I’m downright unstoppable now. A god, babe. â€Å"Not exactly,† said Carter. â€Å"And I suppose I should point out that ambrosia isn’t just found in the Greek stories. It appears in almost every culture’s legends in one form or another. In King Arthur’s world, it was said to have filled the Holy Grail. It gave new perceptions and enlightenment to its drinkers, and promised to heal the land. Some have also suggested the flames that appeared over the apostles’ heads at the feast of Pentecost were not flames at all, but rather visions they saw after drinking ambrosia. It made the apostles vivid and charismatic and let them communicate with people of all cultures and languages.† â€Å"I know a number of devout Christians – my good friend Dana included – who would find that offensive.† Jerome couldn’t stay silent anymore, despite how disgruntled this topic appeared to make him. â€Å"Imagine her reaction if she knew that some people have speculated the Eucharist has little to do with the blood of Christ and more to do with a lost ambrosia ceremony. Said people argue those who participate today are only mimicking the ancient experience, equating the Holy Spirit with the high from ambrosia.† â€Å"That would upset a lot of people,† I agreed. All three of us knew that many of the rites and beliefs that had been passed down to today were bastardizations of the originals. Some, not all. Carter continued on pleasantly, like he was in an auditorium giving a lecture. â€Å"Ancient Hindu culture called ambrosia soma and even personified it as a god of the same name. His presence was as intoxicating as the drink itself and muddled the senses of those around him. â€Å" â€Å"Soma was also the feel-good drug in Brave New World,† I recalled. â€Å"I didn’t realize how widespread this was.† He nodded. â€Å"And these stories are only the tip of the iceberg. A lot more where they came from.† I enjoyed the information. Getting any sort of meaningful explanation from these two was usually like driving through downtown Seattle in rush hour: slow, painful, and fraught with collisions. And yet, forthcoming or not, they weren’t exactly giving me what I needed. â€Å"Yeah, but you guys are real careful to say things like ‘some people believe’ or ‘they say.’ Which is it? What’s really going on? Are any of those stories true?† Carter’s gray eyes twinkled. â€Å"Ah, I can’t spoil the mysteries. Humans spend their lives trying to discern the truth of divinity. Even a succubus can’t be in on all the secrets.† I gave him an exasperated look. This was more like their typical behavior. â€Å"Okay, forget the myths. Can you tell me what’s up with this stuff, then? Does it make people immortal?† Angel and demon looked at each other. â€Å"No,† they both said in unison. â€Å"But it makes you feel like you are,† said Carter. I thought about Doug’s reckless behavior, his overwhelming confidence about everything from performing his music to stage-diving. He had no fear, no concern that anything might be less than perfect. â€Å"So it’s like a stimulant or any other mood-altering drug, then,† I said. â€Å"It makes you feel good.† The angel shook his head. â€Å"No. It’s a lot more than that. Ambrosia works by†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He grasped for the words. â€Å"I guess the best way to put it is that it amplifies your best abilities. It draws out what you’re good at, what shines in you. And then it cranks up the volume on that to, well, godly levels, I guess.† â€Å"Yes, of course,† I breathed. That was why the band had suddenly shot off so successfully and rapidly. They were talented already. The ambrosia hadn’t given them anything new; they’d just had their natural abilities increased tenfold. A hundredfold. And Casey†¦mathematically talented Casey had been able to do calculations in seconds that would have required a pen and paper for most people. Even Doug’s Tetriss kills showed signs of ambrosia enhancement. Ican’t wait to see how you react to them, Alec had said. Indeed, how would I react? What good abilities in me would get amplified? What abilities did I have? The obvious joke was that I’d be able to really rock some guy’s world in bed. I didn’t like that answer, however, partially because I believed I already could rock a guy’s world pretty hard-core without the help of creepy crystals, thank you very much. Plus, I hated to think that’s all I was. There had to be more to me than just sexual prowess. â€Å"Everyone who was on it crashed,† I reminded Carter. â€Å"Doug, Casey. And when they crashed†¦they really crashed.† â€Å"It does that,† he agreed. â€Å"One might argue that the withdrawal brings out your worst traits†¦or possibly turns your good ones bad. More often than not, it just makes a person depressed†¦and lacking. It’s hard to go back to being ordinary. You read "Succubus on Top CHAPTER 15" in category "Essay examples" â€Å" That would explain Doug’s bleak outlook the other day. I realized too he’d been having a withdrawal reaction on the day I kicked him out of the store. The lack of ambrosia had turned his normally sarcastic tongue and playful behavior into something dark and twisted. And yet†¦ â€Å"It must be nice to feel like a god. I guess I can understand wanting that. â€Å" â€Å"Well,† said Jerome, speaking up at last, â€Å"as we all know, you can’t get something for nothing.† Carter nodded. â€Å"At a basic level, it’s an addictive substance, and everything addictive has a cost – mainly that it enslaves you and makes you feel horrible when you don’t have it. But, the other truth is that humans are not meant to be perfect. That’s what humanity is: a series of successes and failures, a testing of one’s own nature and aptitude. Neither the body nor the soul can sustain such a state. Eventually it consumes a person.† I pointed at the crystals. â€Å"What would have happened if I’d taken them?† â€Å"Isn’t it obvious?† asked Jerome, his tone suggesting the same sexual possibilities I’d wondered about earlier. Carter gave me a straight answer. â€Å"Similar superficial effects. Enhance your good qualities. Immortals wouldn’t fall prey to the addictiveness so quickly; they can sustain it for quite a while since in some ways, they already feel like gods. But in the long run, the consequences are still the same. You can’t function at such high levels. Now, the ambrosia couldn’t destroy your body, of course, but it’d still cause other serious problems if you took it for a long time.† â€Å"It’d probably just make you go insane,† explained Jerome helpfully. â€Å"Until the end of time.† â€Å"That’s horrible,† I said. â€Å"Don’t worry, Georgie. If it happens to you, we’ll put you down first.† Ignoring him, I looked over at the crystals, suddenly feeling more repulsed by them than I had before. This time, my reaction had nothing to do with the creepy aura. â€Å"The real question, of course,† said the archdemon more seriously, â€Å"is where the hell did you get these?† â€Å"I told you. From Alec.† The two higher immortals exchanged glances once more. â€Å"Tell us about this guy again,† ordered Jerome. â€Å"Everything you know.† I did. When I finished, they looked at each other once more, having a mental conversation I was not privy to. God, they were annoying. â€Å"Alec’s not the one,† said Carter finally. â€Å"The one who†¦?† â€Å"The one who this is coming from,† explained Jerome. â€Å"Well, I got it from him†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Doesn’t matter, Georgie. Some twenty-year-old blue-haired punk is not the source here. He’s getting it from someone else. He’s a peon in the chain. Besides, you never felt anything off him, did you? Something like the crystals but not quite like them?† â€Å"No, but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  But I had felt something from another person. Someone who spent time with Alec. The last card in my head flipped over. â€Å"I know who it is. It’s him. That guy.† â€Å"Of course,† said Carter dryly. â€Å"I knew it was that guy. It’s always that guy.† â€Å"Hold on, and I’ll explain.† I turned to Jerome. â€Å"Remember that funny immortal I told you about? The really romantically dressed good-looking one? He’s got to be the one. Alec’s supplier. I’ve seen them talking together and even saw Alec sort of having a breakdown with him. † I added a little more background for Carter’s benefit, explaining how GQ Poet Guy and I had sensed each other. Jerome and Carter considered this in silence. At last, the demon said, â€Å"Yes, that sounds like him.† Nobody said anything for a while after that. I was dying to ask who â€Å"he† was exactly, but recognized that angel and demon would take their own time on this. â€Å"So what are we going to do?† Carter asked a few minutes later. Jerome cut him a narrow-eyed glance. â€Å"Why do we have to do anything?† â€Å"Because it’s the right thing to do.† â€Å"I don’t know where you’ve been since the beginning of the universe, but the ‘right thing’ isn’t really on my list of priorities.† â€Å"He’s poisoning mortals.† Jerome crossed his arms over his chest. â€Å"I don’t care.† â€Å"He’s doing it in your territory. Right under your nose.† â€Å"Stop trying to bait me. He’s not involved with us. He can do whatever the fuck he wants to mortals.† Once again, I was dying to jump in but restrained myself. Listening to Carter and Jerome argue always unsettled me. Mostly, it just didn’t happen that much. Usually they stood together in an exasperating wall of solidarity, good and evil notwithstanding. And, of course, watching them argue always made you wonder if something terrible might happen if tempers got out of control. Tables tipping over. Glasses exploding. The Four Horsemen showing up. Nonetheless, I felt confident Carter wouldn’t let this matter go unattended. He would win. As I had noted earlier, I didn’t know if I could trust him, but I did respect him – and his powers of persuasion. â€Å"It’s a power play,† warned Carter. â€Å"He shouldn’t even be trying it. His time is past; we’re the ones who control the game now. Doing this insults us – especially you, since you guys are the ones who actually draw territorial lines. It’s an unannounced challenge.† This, I saw, had an effect on the demon. He recognized Carter’s attempts to draw him in, but it was working nonetheless. Pride wasn’t one of the Seven Deadly Sins for nothing. Jerome, as a faithful servant of hell, couldn’t help but be susceptible. I’d seen his pride come into play before; he didn’t like others messing with his reputation. And while the demon naturally had many weaknesses, I’d say it was this more than anything else that would make him take action. â€Å"We can’t intervene,† he said flatly. â€Å"You know that. Even if we are in control, we’d start an outright war. I for one don’t want to deal with the repercussions of that.† â€Å"Agreed,† murmured the angel, lapsing into silence again. I looked back and forth between their faces, waiting for one of them to offer a brilliant plan. A brilliant plan which involved the angel and demon fighting in awesome, smiting glory to destroy Alec and his bastardly supplier friend. â€Å"Georgina could do it,† said Carter suddenly. â€Å"What?† I squeaked. That wasn’t how the fantasy went. They turned their eyes on me. Dark outrage flashed in Jerome’s eyes, then it faded as quickly as it had arrived. â€Å"Hmm. Perhaps.† â€Å"What are you guys talking about? I’m not doing any smiting.† â€Å"It wouldn’t exactly be smiting,† said Carter, face promptly sobering. â€Å"But it could be dangerous if not done the right way. â€Å" â€Å"Why do I have to do it?† â€Å"Because you, Georgie, are a lesser power than we are. You are less subject to scrutiny and ramifications than us. It’s the difference between a country declaring war and a small rebel faction striking out.† â€Å"Great,† I said, sinking back in my chair. â€Å"I’m a faction.† Carter was smiling again. â€Å"Don’t you want to help Doug?† A moment passed. â€Å"You know I do.† â€Å"I meant it when I said it’d be dangerous, but if we’re careful, you’ll come out okay.† I thought about Doug’s black despair and reckless behavior. The thought of this ambrosia â€Å"destroying† him clinched it for me. â€Å"Yeah, okay. I’ll do it. Whatever it is. Dangerous or not.† I paused. â€Å"Um, what is it?† Neither answered. â€Å"Oh come on! You can’t expect me to do this and not know what it is.† â€Å"It’ll take some prep work,† Carter told me, apparently enjoying my consternation. But there was another expression on his face too†¦pride, I thought. The good kind of pride, like when you thought someone was doing the right thing. Not the bad kind of pride that made you do rash things. â€Å"As soon as it’s in place, we’ll let you know. I’ll come find you.† I made a face. â€Å"You’ll understand if I don’t really find that a satisfying answer. † â€Å"And you’ll understand,† retorted Jerome, â€Å"that it’s the best one you’re going to get.† Carter was a bit nicer. â€Å"What you can do in the meantime, however, is try to get access to the supplier. He’s the one you’ll ultimately have to deal with. Keep schmoozing with Alec. Do what you’ve got to do.† I nodded. Schmoozing I could do in my sleep. I felt relieved to be back in familiar waters. After leaving them, I put the ambrosia assignment on hold and went over to Seth’s to play Scrabble, in keeping with a prearranged date. I’d vowed I wouldn’t cheat this time, but I supposed that would depend on how desperate the game became. When I arrived, however, I found Seth in no condition to play. He sat at the desk in his bedroom, brow adorably furrowed as he stared at his computer screen, apparently willing it do something for him through mental determination alone. His condo had an office, I knew, but unpacked boxes currently filled it, making this room the combination office-bedroom. All his essentials in one place. If it had had an attached bathroom, he would have probably never emerged. â€Å"Can you give me†¦like†¦another hour?† he asked absently when he realized I had walked in, not looking at me. â€Å"I’ve just got to finish this chapter.† It was a moot request. Even if I hadn’t been willing to give him another hour, he still would have kept writing. Mountains moved more easily than Seth in the middle of a story line. Happily accommodating, I kissed his cheek and wandered off to the office to find something to read. Sifting through those boxes made it difficult, however. By the time I had several of them emptied, I decided I might as well just go the whole way and do the job right. I unpacked all of the boxes – even the ones in his living room. I didn’t know how many books that left me with, but it was a lot. My bookstore instincts made me sort them into categories, and that alone was time-consuming. Looking up at one point, I realized almost three hours had passed. I stood up, stretched, and returned to the bedroom. â€Å"Hey,† I said. â€Å"We’re way past your hour.† He kept typing. I slipped my foot out of its sandal, shape-shifted the toenail color to burgundy and ran it up his leg. He jumped. â€Å"Hey!† â€Å"Hey yourself. Sorry to interrupt, but you need food, or you’re going to pass out on your keyboard.† â€Å"Wouldn’t be the first time,† he said. His eyes strayed, threatening to return to the computer, so I poked him again with my foot. He arched an eyebrow, then grabbed my foot, nearly making me fall over as he pulled me onto his lap. â€Å"You know, your toes aren’t that compelling. It’s not like I want to have sex with them or anything weird like that. I just think they’re pretty. So don’t think you can have your way on everything now. â€Å" I wiggled out of his grasp. â€Å"Say whatever you want. I’ve got new leverage with you. So, look, can you tear yourself away long enough to go get food?† It turned out he couldn’t, toes or not. Disappointed, I ended up ordering pizza. We ate together and talked, but both of us were in our own worlds. He was with his characters in places I couldn’t follow, and I was thinking about the ambrosia. Suddenly, I started laughing. â€Å"What?† he asked, startled. I told him about the ambrosia and what it did. The news obviously astonished him, but Seth had had some time now to accept the many unseen, supernatural things occurring in the world. I ended my story by saying Carter and Jerome were going to do something about it. I did not mention I would be taking on a large and possibly dangerous role too. There I was, holding back again, but it seemed pointless to get him worried when I had no concrete details yet. â€Å"So, anyway, I was laughing because I was trying to imagine what you’d be like on ambrosia,† I told him. â€Å"Why is that funny? Maybe I could churn out a book a week.† â€Å"Yeah, but I’d never see you again. You’d never bathe or cut your hair. It’d grow down to your waist – so would your beard – and you’d be sitting here in the dark, hunched over, wasting away in your Punky Brewster T-shirt. â€Å" â€Å"That’s not funny. That’s how I plan to spend my retirement. Besides, if I were going to wear the same shirt for the next fifty years, it’d be my Flash Gordon one.† His features shifted to a frown as he chewed. â€Å"The entire concept of Doug’s problem being ‘magically’ induced†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He shook his head. â€Å"It’s crazy. And scary. Will they really be able to help him?† â€Å"They will if they can. Carter especially.† â€Å"You always put a lot of faith in him. Seems ironic, given the circumstances.† I supposed it was, and again, it was kind of new for me. I guess I was just starting to realize that although I might be on Jerome’s side, it was Carter who was on my side lately. I smiled for Seth. â€Å"Well. If you can’t put faith in an angel, who can you put faith in?† The muse called to him after dinner, and I let him go, unable to stand against her. I wondered if it would be possible for Seth to date someone who didn’t love his books. Few women would be able to handle the competition. And yeah, sometimes it was hard for me to handle the competition too. It was hard enough that Seth wasn’t into the livelier things I liked to do, like dancing. But also being denied the low-key things poked at me on occasion. Knowing his neglect was for the greater good, I returned to my book sorting, which allowed half of my brain to churn over the Alec problem and how I was going to get to GQ Poet Guy. Getting a hold of Doug in the evening was never easy, but I’d see him at work tomorrow. He’d offered Alec’s number to me once; hopefully he’d be as obliging this time. I finished my cataloging and shelving job around two in the morning. All the books had homes on either the office or living room shelves, and all the books were indexed by genre and author in a way Emerald City might have lauded. The office now had room for the desk. In the bedroom, Seth still typed in the dark, lit by the glow of his monitor. I kissed his cheek once more and fell asleep in his bed, exhausted. I awoke hours later to someone kissing my cheek. â€Å"Hey,† I murmured drowsily, trying to pull Seth into bed with me. â€Å"You’re giving me funny ideas.† He leaned over me and planted a kiss on my nose. Morning sunlight lit up the coppery highlights in his messy hair and perpetual five o’clock shadow. He regarded me fondly, those luscious lips smiling. â€Å"You put my books away. All of them.† â€Å"I had to. Good grief. If anyone at Emerald City found out I was letting that slide, they’d fire me.† He curled up beside me and put an arm over me. â€Å"You’re pretty good to me, Thetis, considering what an idiot I am sometimes.† â€Å"Stop making fun of my favorite author, or I’ll have to deck you.† â€Å"I mean it. I’ve lost girlfriends for less than what I did last night.† â€Å"You weren’t that bad. I’ve seen you worse.† I sat up a little. â€Å"Hey, how many girlfriends have you had anyway?† Laugh lines appeared around his eyes, making him even cuter. â€Å"It was all research for the books, I swear.† It was ironic, I realized, that I kept ending up with artistic types. A very long time ago, I’d been married to a man I swore loved his music more than me sometimes. I had loved him for that musical passion and hated it at the same time. Similar scenarios with other mortals had repeated over the centuries. Remembering my thoughts from last night, I worried that Seth might bring out the old green-eyed monster again. â€Å"How’d the chapter turn out?† I asked, mussing his hair further. â€Å"Good. Great even.† He gave me a sweet, bemused look. â€Å"I don’t suppose†¦I don’t suppose you’d ever want to read the manuscripts as I work on them, would you? See how the process works?† I froze, realizing just what a precious gift he was offering me. Seth had told me once he never let anyone read the early drafts. He didn’t want feedback that might influence his own creative flow. It wasn’t until he had a complete manuscript and he felt the books were nigh-perfect that he finally allowed his publishing posse to take a look. That he would offer this to me both thrilled and touched me. â€Å"No,† I said softly, smiling. â€Å"But thank you. I don’t want to interrupt your normal cycle. But maybe†¦maybe when you’ve got a fairly polished draft ready to send off, I’ll take a look then.† He nodded, returning my smile. Something passed between us then that had nothing to do with manuscripts or book sorting but was fired by both of them nonetheless. â€Å"Here,† he said, standing up. Turning to a nearby chair, he picked up a tray I hadn’t even noticed. â€Å"Since you fed me last night.† I looked down as he set the tray across my lap. Pancakes – with smiley faces – drowning in maple syrup. Good strong coffee. Even a little vase with two stems of purple irises. Seth had a thing for purple flowers. I touched one of the velvety soft petals. â€Å"You didn’t get these from your kitchen. You must have gotten up pretty early to go out.† He shook his head, looking sheepish. â€Å"I never went to bed.† I therefore wasn’t surprised when Seth lay down beside me while I ate and promptly fell asleep. I finished the exquisite breakfast, did the dishes, and left for work, leaving him a note that promised I’d call later. At the bookstore, I was getting so used to Paige and Warren’s absence, it was like they didn’t even work there anymore. I found Doug when he arrived, and as hoped, he did indeed give me Alec’s number – though not without a few jokes at my expense. I called Alec on my lunch, unsure if he’d be home. He was there and sounded overjoyed to hear from me. Yes, yes, of course he could get more. He was so glad I’d liked it. Giving me the address of a coffee shop he’d be at, he told me to stop by right after work. I showed up there five minutes after my shift ended. The coffee shop was perfectly ordinary, nothing dark or sinister. Hardly the stereotypical rendezvous for a drug transaction. I spotted Alec sitting at a table in the back, but someone was with him. Not wanting to interrupt, I stood in line to order a mocha. Alec’s companion was a young man, younger than him even. Eighteen, if I had to guess. And he was beautiful. He had swept his thick, dark-blond hair into a short ponytail at the nape of his neck, and his face was all clean, strong lines. When he smiled at some comment of Alec’s, perfect white teeth showed against the tanned skin. I expected to see this guy in an Abercrombie Fitch ad soon. Or maybe not, since he too was apparently wasting his life away. Alec reached into his pocket and gave the guy one of the telltale bags. Happiness and relief shone on the golden boy’s face, making him look – if possible – even more attractive. He left. Angrily gripping my drink, I took his chair and forced a cheerful attitude. â€Å"Hey,† said Alec in greeting, clearly in a good mood. â€Å"You have no idea how glad I am to see you. You look hot, as always. â€Å" â€Å"Thanks. How’s it going?† â€Å"Awesome, now.† He grinned broadly. â€Å"Fabulous day.† He leaned toward me. â€Å"So? What did you think?† I set my cup down heavily and acquired some little-girl wonder. â€Å"You were right†¦it was amazing. It was like I was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  I decided a lack of words was better than trying to describe something I hadn’t experienced. He was only too happy to help fill in the blanks. â€Å"Better than ever? Who you were meant to be?† â€Å"Yes,† I said breathlessly. â€Å"You – you’ve got to give me more.† â€Å"Can do.† His hand reached into the magic pocket. One of the lethal bags appeared, and that ugly feeling snaked down my spine. He held the crystals teasingly out of my reach. â€Å"You know, they get better the more you do it. You up for that?† I stared at the bag longingly, then up at him. â€Å"Don’t you have more than this? I mean, I want that one†¦but it’s not going to be enough. I need a lot of this.† â€Å"Slow down. You don’t want to take more than one bag.† â€Å"I know that, but this is good for what, a day or two?† His eyes glinted. â€Å"Big plans already, huh? Most people don’t get quite so fired up this fast.† I chewed on my lower lip, not wanting to raise any alarms. Assessing my self-inventory, I tried to think of something nonsexual the ambrosia would have affected. Alec’s earlier visitor gave me the answer. â€Å"It’s weird. I know this guy at a modeling agency, and he always gives me the runaround. But I saw him yesterday when I took this†¦and it was like, I don’t know. He couldn’t get enough of me. He wants me to come back for some major shoots.† I gripped Alec’s arm. â€Å"I don’t get how this could be doing it†¦maybe it’s coincidence. I don’t know. But I want more. I think I need it to make this gig work out. You’ve got to help me. Or take me to wherever you get this. I’ll pay. I’ll do anything.† His face told me I had said exactly the right thing. â€Å"It’s not coincidence,† he told me smugly. â€Å"And I’ll get you more.† I exhaled with palpable relief. â€Å"Promise? Like a big supply?† â€Å"I promise. Here, take this one.† â€Å"What do I owe you?† â€Å"Nothing.† â€Å"Come on! They can’t all be free.† My hold on his hand changed to something softer and more suggestive. â€Å"I told you before†¦I’m happy to pay†¦however you want†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He sighed, regarding me wistfully as he briefly ran his fingers over my hand and then pulled away. â€Å"I know. You want a big batch of it? That you’ll have to pay for. I’ll take you to the guy who gets it for me, and you can pay him.† â€Å"What’ll it cost? How much am I going to need?† Something unreadable flashed in his eyes. â€Å"You’ve already got exactly what you need. Can you meet me tomorrow night?† I hesitated. Carter had said we needed some prep time before I faced the supplier, time in which I had been told to arrange the meeting with him. This was too soon. â€Å"I’m busy,† I told him, trying to put heavy regret into my words. â€Å"What about the next night?† He didn’t seem happy about that, just as he hadn’t liked the delay in me drinking my first batch. But where his urgency had been underscored with an eager curiosity last time, he now displayed an almost panicked anxiety. I wondered just how demanding his master was. â€Å"Sooner would be better. You aren’t going to be able to go that long anyway, not if you want it this bad already. â€Å" I stayed firm. â€Å"I don’t have a choice.† He agreed after a little more wheedling, and we set a time and place to meet in two days. As I stood up, he warned me, â€Å"Call me sooner if you can’t hold out, okay? Here’s my cell.† â€Å"Okay, thanks.† â€Å"Hey,† he called as I started to walk away. â€Å"Good luck with the shoot.† For a minute, I didn’t remember what he was talking about. Then I recalled my alleged modeling gig. I smiled and thanked him, chuckling to myself as I left. In all of the lies I’d just told him, there had been a kernel of truth. I did have a photo shoot. Tonight was the night Bastien and I were going to take the pictures for Seth. How to cite Succubus on Top CHAPTER 15, Essay examples

European Union (1247 words) Essay Example For Students

European Union (1247 words) Essay European UnionWe have our own dream and our own task. We are with Europe, but not of it. Weare linked, but not combined. We are interested and associated, but notabsorbed.1 Winston Churchills famous quote aptly describes Britainsintentions towards European integration. In this essay I shall attempt to showthat Britains relationship towards European integration has been one of areluctant union, supporting free trade and mutually beneficial cooperation,while attempting to distance itself from economic and cultural ?unity withEurope, and I will finish by describing the effects on Britains sovereigntysince joining the European Union . The term integration can be understood, incontext of the European Union, as a situation of unification betweenindividually sovereign nations into a collective body, sufficient to make thatbody a workable whole. A fully integrated European Union could be seen to havetwo possible outcomes. Either a)A Federalist or ?stewed union, where allmember states give up their individual sovereignty and form a superstate thatwould be an economic world power, or b)A Confederalist or ?salad bar union,where each member state has its own place in a continental alliance, maintainingnational sovereignty and individually contributing, through trade andcooperation, to form a greater whole.2 Throughout the 1970s and 80sBritains aspiration for a Europe unified through trade and cooperation arosefrom a desire to maintain complete control and sovereignty over its own affairs. The history of the British Empire and its position as leader of the Commonwealthin addition to its history of beneficial association with the United States3,left many in Britain to believe that it could still maintain its prominentglobal role and historical status of world leader in political and economicaffairs. However, the fact that Britain had to accept that there was a need fortrade barriers to fall and new markets to open, coupled with the realisationthat it could not exist successfully as a separate economically independententity. There was the recognition by some that the only hope to attain thesegoals was to join the EC as there was little scope for a United Kingdomoutside the community, especially when the six (Germany, France, Italy, Belgium,Luxembourg and the Netherlands) had done so visibly better than the UK4 Since?biting the bullet and gaining its membership to the then called EuropeanCommunity in 1973, Britain has vocally announced that it would prefer the?salad bar v ersion of integration to the ?stewed version. For example,Margaret Thatcher spoke in Bruges in September 1988 and she said she soughtto lay down a vision of a Europe of sovereign states, economically considerablymore liberal, deregulated and interdependent, but a Europe based essentially oncooperation rather than integration5. Within the EU, Britain could work withthe other member nations to guarantee its economic interests and attempt tomaintain its influence and continue to hold sway in world affairs. Inside the EUBritain would be able to mould the trading systems of Europe to itsadvantage. As an outsider, it feared being on the uninfluential receiving end ofdecisions made by the combined power of the original ?six6. The EU hasstated explicitly that its objectives are to lay the foundations of an evercloser union among the peoples of Europe the constant improvement of theliving and working conditions of the people, and the reduction of differences inwealth between regions7. And s o, Britain has had to temper its view thatEurope could survive as a system of completely independent yet cooperativestates in order to benefit from the advantages, such as open markets and freetrade with other members, which is offered by membership in the EU. Britainsdecision to join the EU was a considered one, to gain economic benefits andsubmit to some loss of individual control over social matters that concern allmembers of the Union. However It appears that they want to ?have their cakeand eat it too, by gaining the economic benefits of union and not submittingto any social initiatives proposed by the EU. For Example in 1989 the all themember states adopted a Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights ofWorkers, all that is except Britain, this charter was supposed to be afundamental building block in the construction of Europe, yet Britain rejectedit saying that it would disrupt its vision of free and open trade among themember states of the European Economic Communit y. This action is a demonstrationof Britains attempts at avoiding the creation of the Federalist EuropeanSuperstate. Sovereignty can be defined quite simply as the supreme authority tonot only declare law but create it, deriving this power from a populace who havegiven up their personal sovereignty and power and vested it in the sovereign8,in the case of Britain the sovereign is the Government, since the King passedsovereignty to the parliament over time. Britains ability to defend itssovereignty has been effectively compromised in the first instance by the veryact of joining the EU. The declared intent of the EU, to create an ?evercloser union, defines a certain path that the member states must follow. Thepath may be wide to allow a number of different routes to the intended goal, butin the end it restricts the sovereign nations ability to choose its own courseof action both economically and socially. Three specific instances of theerosion of Britains sovereignty are a)The European Communities Act 1972, whichestablished a principle that European Law would always prevail over British lawin the event of a conflict, effectively decreasing the supremacy of Parliament. .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 , .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 .postImageUrl , .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 , .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143:hover , .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143:visited , .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143:active { border:0!important; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143:active , .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143 .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u87f3543c54298497fe63b64ba261f143:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Swisher Mower Company Essayb)The Single European Act 1988 (SEA) withered sovereignty more by replacingunanimity rule, that is, any nations power to veto, with majority voting incertain areas. therefore the power of the European Parliament over Britain wasfurther enhanced. And finally c)The treaty of Maastricht 1993 further empoweredthe European Parliament, it can now block new legislation but cannot itselfinitiate new legislation. The European court was also given the power to finemember states9. These examples show that Britains ability to defend itssovereignty really relates to its ability to negotiate within the framework ofthe treaties that it signs, and also the exten t to which it can slow the processof the erosion of its sovereignty down. Britains actions concerning the SingleEuropean Currency are a good example of this. Because under a Single EuropeanCurrency Parliament would lose sovereignty over its currency reserves, theCentral Bank interest rate, and the amount of currency minted, since no Act ofParliament could be used to set these things. This sovereignty would pass to theEuropean Central Bank10. Britain decided to hold itself out of the introductionof the Euro and see what reaction the new currency would create on the worldmarket. It currently plans to join the monetary union in 2003. In conclusion,Britains relationship to European integration since 1973 has been one that seesthis as a pragmatic necessity. Britain would prefer a ?salad bar Europe,with sovereign and individual states adding their own flavour to an economicConfederate of European states, though it will concede social integration whenit can not avoid it. The extent to whic h Britain can defend its sovereignty, hasbeen shown to be limited, it can negotiate to arrange beneficial agreements withother members and really delay the effects of union. Bibliography1)Almdal, Preben. Aspects of European Integration Denmark, Odense UniversityPress, 1986. 2)Edwards, Geoffrey. ?Britain and Europe in Jonathan Story(ed) The New Europe:Politics, Government and Economy since 1945. Oxford,Blackwell Publishers, 1993. 3)Stuart,N. New Britain Handbook on Europe, NewBritain, 1996 http://web.ukonline.co.uk/stuart.n2/nbrit/nbhandeu1.html 4)Wise,Mark. Gibb, Richard. Single Market to Social Europe:The European Communityin the 1990s . Essex, Longman Scientific and Technical, Longman GroupUK Ltd. 5) The Columbia Dictionary of Quotations is licensed from Columbia UniversityPress. Copyright ? 1993